1. Bitcoin
Bitcoin is the first and biggest cryptocurrency. It was invented by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008. Cryptocurrencies allow transactions between two parties efficiently without requiring any middleman or trusted authority since the system works using cryptography. The network of nodes is spread out over the globe, and its design prevents double spending. Its decentralized nature makes it highly resistant to fraud and abuse.
2. Ethereum
Ethereum is the second-largest cryptocurrency after bitcoin. It was created by Vitalik Buterin in 2013. Unlike bitcoin, Ethereum's blockchain is based on Merkle trees instead of a linked list. As a result, Ethereum can handle much higher transactional volumes than bitcoin, and as of January 2018, it had a market value of about $46 billion. Like many cryptocurrencies, Ethereum uses peer-to-peer technology to facilitate instant payments.
3. Ripple
Ripple is the third largest cryptocurrency. It is developed by Chris Larsen and Jed McCaleb in San Francisco. It uses distributed ledger technology to enable free and instant global financial transfers in any currency. It operates similarly to a clearinghouse where banks settle accounts with each other.
4. Litecoin
Litecoin is the fourth largest cryptocurrency. It was founded by Charlie Lee in 2011. He left Google in 2014 to work full time on Litecoin. In October 2017, the total Litecoin supply was 84 million coins, while there were approximately 17 million LTC in circulation at the end of November 2017.
5. Dash
Dash is the fifth largest cryptocurrency. It was launched in April 2014. In September 2015, Dash announced they would switch to a proof-of-work block production algorithm called X11.
6. Monero
Monero is the sixth largest cryptocurrency. It was started in 2014. Monero focuses on privacy and decentralization, two ideals that have been unpopular in some cryptocurrency circles due to concerns about government surveillance. Monero takes advantage of ring signatures to obfuscate users' identities.
7. Zcash
Zcash is the seventh largest cryptocurrency. It was released in 2016. Zcash uses zero-knowledge proofs to protect user privacy. It does not use encryption, making it completely transparent to what is being sent and who is sending it.
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